Getting Hip to the Rainforest Destructive Nature of Rayon

 

The Rainforest Action Network’s recent launch of its new campaign “Out of Fashion—A Campaign for Forest-Friendly Fabrics” got me thinking that it’s a good time to share a chapter from my book about rayon. Aside from one type of rayon that is more eco-friendly, the production of this textile is hugely destructive to tropical rainforests particularly in Southeast Asia. The problem is that many of us Westerners unwittingly feed this destructive trade with everyday clothing purchases. Awareness can reverse this issue—so please share this freely with as many people as possible.

 

HERES THE SCOOP

 

Who would think that something as innocuous as a rayon Hawaiian-print shirt might be linked to rainforest destruction? But indeed it is. Many of us have no idea that rayon—this seemingly harmless textile so popular in warm-weather clothing—is made from wood or pulp through an intensive chemical process, requiring vast amounts of water. Rayon is not a natural fiber, yet it’s not completely synthetic either. It’s a hybrid of sorts or what’s called a semisynthetic fiber derived from a reaction of carbon disulfide and cellulose (sourced from wood pulp) through a long and intensive chemical process. Unfortunately, in tropical areas, the wood pulp comes from either healthy or degraded rainforest or deforested areas replaced with tree plantations. The tropical rainforests of Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries provide an ideal habitat for rayon mills, as environmental laws are not strictly enforced and there’s an abundance of cheap labor, water and wood sources, making it a top supplier, followed closely by Japan and Korea.

 

Conservation groups are very concerned about existing rayon mills and their continued expansion. “Rayon mills are rapidly destroying native rainforests and coastal mangroves and causing grave water and air pollution problems in many places, “ reports www.borneoproject.org. “The rayon mills are huge consumers of rainforests,” adds Borneo Orangutan Survival.

 

These rayon mills are affecting the habitats of endangered species such as the Sumatran tiger, rhino, elephant and orangutan—as well as the livelihoods of subsistence farmers and locals who depend on the forest for survival. Chemical byproducts from rayon mills such as zinc and hydrogen sulfide are emitted into the air and wastewater, which find their way into the surrounding environment and drinking water.

 

Rayon mills are inherently unhealthy for workers due to chemical exposure. Studies of the impact of exposure to carbon disulfide on rayon plant workers have revealed that the risk of death from cardiovascular causes is greatly increased (as much as two to three times fatality risk) if the levels of this toxin are high, according to a Super Eco report. Labor abuses have been an issue as well, according to reports from the organization Down to Earth.

 

But perhaps what’s most detrimental of all is the disappearing forest and degraded forest replaced by tree plantations to feed the rayon mills’ incessant need for wood. Local populations that depend on the forest for food and other resources are displaced. And as journalist Chris Lang has argued, what some rayon manufacturers and governments define as “degraded” forest is actually quite viable, providing many resources to local populations. While the industry and government may accept eucalyptus plantations as “reforestation,” the experience of locals whom Lang has interviewed shows that plantations offer very little in the way of resources to locals compared to even the most degraded forest.

 

WHAT YOU CAN DO

 

You can help rainforests and those who are suffering directly from their loss by simply avoiding rayon. Rayon can look like silk, wool, cotton and linen. Check labels when purchasing clothing, linens, drapery, pillows—any item involving textiles.

 

It can be tricky to identify rayon sometimes, because it has several names and some safe textiles have names that sound like rayon. For instance, in Europe, rayon is more commonly called viscose or viscose rayon. And acetate rayon is actually not rayon made from wood, but rayon made from cotton that is not destructive to rainforests—so it is okay. There are some trade names for different types of rayon as well. Bemberg is the trade name for cuprammonium rayon, produced in Italy. It is the most chemical-intensive form of rayon and a good one to avoid, whether produced in tropical environments or not. Tencel is the trade name for lyocell rayon produced in a nontoxic organic solvent solution that’s reclaimed and recycled in a closed-loop spinning process that conserves both energy and water. The wood pulp is sourced most often from eucalyptus plantations certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). It’s a better choice than rayon, but we are hesitant to heartily recommend it as tree plantations are not equivalent to forests.

 

To summarize, these are the most common names for rayon and should be avoided:

 

•           Rayon

•           Viscose

•           Viscose rayon

•           Bemberg

These types of rayon are better choices:

 

•           Tencel (the more eco-friendly type of rayon)

•           Acetate rayon (made from cotton, not wood pulp)

 

Look for organic cotton, linen, washable silk or hemp instead of rayon. These textiles will keep you as cool as rayon in the warmer months—and you’ll be additionally cool for avoiding harming rainforests!

 

 

Here’s a link to RAN—join the campaign:

http://www.ran.org/big_fashion_is_grinding_up_forests_to_make_clothes_demand_change

 

While taking action to save our rainforests is a serious matter, it can also be fun and easy when you make it a simple part of your everyday life. For instance, there’s nothing like luxuriating your body with the rich oils, tropical scents and restorative herbs that are sustainably extracted from rainforest botanicals. Yes, simply doing this regularly is a fantastic rainforest-saving action you can take that will make you feel great inside and out!

So here’s the scoop…

The rainforest is rich with plants and herbs containing rejuvenating, healing properties for beautiful hair and skin. Responsible manufacturers are finding that sustainably extracting beautifying rainforest botanicals for their shampoos, body washes, soaps and moisturizers can be both profitable and impactful in the fight against deforestation. When you buy these types of products, new revenue streams are created for sustainable extraction of non-timber forest products from the rainforest. It helps to make the rainforest more valuable alive and intact than logged and cleared for cattle grazing and agriculture. For oftentimes poverty-stricken and desperate local populations and indigenous tribes, it means maintaining their way of life. In fact, the more ways these people have to make a living from the rainforest without destroying it, the more likely the rainforest will be preserved.

Here’s what you do…

Use personal-care products made from sustainably extracted rainforest botanicals! The key is finding quality products that work and that truly benefit the rainforest. These types of products are increasingly more available. You can find them online and at beauty-supply stores, pharmacies, department stores and health food stores.

 

To get you started, here are several companies that are making fine personal-care products and helping rainforests:

 

Ojon

 

This is a fantastic story. Ojon, a Canadian beauty-care company (within the Estée Lauder Companies), sources wild-crafted ojon palm nut oil (the foundation of the entire hair-care line) from the Tawira people of northeastern Honduras. The Tawira, known as “the people of beautiful hair,” have harvested the rare oil from the ojon tree, which grows in this area, for centuries. A partnership with the Rainforest Alliance and the Mosquitia Pawisa Agency for the Development of the Honduras Mosquitia (MOPAWI), a local nonprofit group that works on behalf of indigenous communities in the region, ensures sustainable extraction, fair wages and rights to their resources for the Tawira as well as the Miskitos, Tawahkas, and Pech—other local indigenous tribes. The ojon oil and other ingredients such as cacao and swa oil are collected in a handcrafted process consistent with ancestral practices. Ojon products are pricey, but the customer reviews I saw were mostly favorable.

 

Alba Botanica

 

Alba Botanica has an entire line of rainforest skin and hair-care products. The Andiroba and Brazil nut oils it sources from the rainforest are certified by the Rainforest Alliance to Forest Stewardship Council standards. Alba Botanica also supports rainforest education and sustainability through the AmazonCenter for Environmental Education and Research. These products are widely available at health food stores and beauty stores. They are reasonably priced.

 

Alaffia

 

The owner and founder of Alaffia, Olowo-n’djo Tchala, was born and raised in Togo, Africa. His vision for the company was not only to create quality, natural products, but to help the women of Togo on the West African coast. And that he has done. Women source most of the ingredients sustainably, earning fair wages. Although shea nuts, the main ingredient used in Alaffia’s body-care products, are sourced from wild trees of the African savanna, not the rainforest, we include this company anyway as some of its ingredients, such as Kpangnan butter from the African butter tree, are sustainably sourced from the rainforest. Ten percent of Alaffia’s sales go toward community enhancement projects in Togo, West Africa and locally in Washington state, where the company is headquartered. These products are traditionally handcrafted, organic and effective. Their uniqueness and far-reaching positive impact on African women’s lives make them wonderful gifts too.

 

The Body Shop

 

The Body Shop has had a long-term commitment to fair trade that goes back nearly 20 years. Roughly 25,000 people in more than 20 countries now receive fair wages and working conditions thanks to consumer purchases. Some of these people are sourcing ingredients from tropical areas, giving them a viable alternative to rainforest-destructive activities.

 

The Body Shop products containing cocoa butter and Brazil nut oil are helping to preserve the rainforest.

 

The cocoa beans used to make cocoa butter come from the Kuapa Kokoo company in Ghana, a fair trade cooperative with more than 30,000 small-scale farmers. The money made by the cooperative enables the development of community projects such as schools and village wells in addition to providing the farmers with income to support their families. Many women now have been empowered and participate in the cooperative. The Body Shop gets community trade brazil nut oil from Peru, sourced through a unique fair trade program which ensures all producers and workers are paid a fair and living wage. The nuts are harvested from small farms and grown using traditional techniques, allowing the farmers to earn a fair income from an activity that fits their traditional way of life.

 

Another excellent skin care line that benefits the rainforest is called  Amazon Rain (formerly Lluvia) from the Amazon Herb Company. Each product is made with sustainably extracted organic and wild-crafted botanicals that are collected by workers from Amazon communities who are paid fair wages. A percentage of Amazon Rain profits helps fund the AmazonCenter for Environmental Education and Research.

 

There are loads of terrific products out there. Natural health retailers have fantastic personal-care product departments usually with knowledgeable staff available to help you. Ask them about products that benefit the rainforest and have fun exploring them.

 

There’s nothing more beautiful than pampering your body with products that keep the welfare of the rainforest and its people in mind!

 

 

OJON

www.ojon.com

Mostly hair-care and a few body-care products

Available online, on QVC,

at Sephora and fine

beauty-supply retailers

 

Alba Botanica

www.albabotanica.com

Available at Whole Foods and other fine health retailers

 

alaffia

www.alaffia.com

Available at  Whole Foods and other fine health retailers

 

The Body Shop

www.thebodyshop-usa.com

 

RESOURCES

Ojon

www.ojon.com

Alba Botanica

www.albabotanica.com

Alaffia

www.alaffia.com

The Body Shop

www.thebodyshop-usa.com

Amazon Rain

www.amazonrain.net

 

 

 

Check it out! 

 

From the depths of the Amazon to the heights of Machu Picchu, join me on a life-changing adventure open to writers of all levels. We will begin our days with movement, meditation, writing and discussion. The afternoons and evening will be your own for more writing, adventure, rejuvenation or whatever your heart desires. The sublime power of nature provides the perfect setting to hear your own “writer’s” voice. The quiet of informal meditation will fire your imagination.

This workshop is designed to be a catalyst for beginners to commit more fully to writing and for experienced writers to begin or complete a project. The group will provide a collective support and each writer’s personal “blocks” will be addressed. Simple exercises will help take your writing to a new level.

The Amazon is the largest rainforest in the world and we will be staying in a hotspot of biodiversity in the Madre de Dios region of the Peruvian Amazon. We will then travel to the heights of Machu Picchu, the “Lost City of the Incas.”

The workshop is sponsored by The Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research (www.aceer.org). Contact Winden Rowe for more information: Winden@aceerfoundation.org. The cost of the workshop is $3,050. (This fee does not include airfare to and from Lima, Peru.)

I read a report on The Guardian website this morning about illegal gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon (http://ow.ly/oHQ1E) and how the toxic waste (mainly mercury) from the process is adversely affecting the local communities in the southern Peruvian Amazon as well as contributing to deforestation.  It is disturbing to say the least.

If you buy gold jewelry or invest in gold, you might be inadvertently contributing to the problem. Here’s some information about gold mining and more importantly, some clear suggestions on how you can avoid adding to the problem. You can say “No” to dirty gold through simple actions…

THE SCOOP

Gold mining in the tropics is a dirty business all the way around. It’s dangerous to workers, the environment and the local communities. The gold ring you may have on your finger or the gold chain that may be around your neck or the gold investments that may be in your financial portfolio is, in part, fueling rainforest destruction and human-rights abuses in tropical regions around the globe.

Gold mining has the distinction of being one of the most destructive industries in the world. The production of just one gold wedding band generates 20 tons of mine waste, according to Earthworks, an organization that runs the “No Dirty Gold” campaign against irresponsible gold mining!! Gold mining is particularly destructive in tropical areas such as Ghana, the Amazon, the Philippines, West Papua and Papua New Guinea, where both large- and small-scale mining outfits have cleared extensive amounts of vegetation and forest to access minerals below. The large mines require roads and open up more isolated areas to settlers and small-scale miners, who further destroy the rainforest with destructive activities and who sometimes spread disease to indigenous populations, where they still exist.

But perhaps even more destructive is the release of toxic chemicals such as mercury and cyanide, used in the process of gold extraction, into the environment. Small-scale miners, in particular, tend not to dispose of mercury properly, putting themselves, others and delicate tropical ecosystems at risk. This type of artisanal gold mining dumps more than 30 tons of the toxic metal in rivers and lakes in the Amazon region every year.

When mercury gets into the ecosystem, it becomes methylmercury andbio-accumulates up the food chain. When methylmercury gets into the human body, it can create a neurotoxin that causes birth defects and abnormal child development.

One particular tribe in the Amazon, the Yanomami, has been seriously affected by gold mining activities on its territory. “The Yanomami have had increased child mortality rates while their birth rates have declined, putting their very existence into risk,” an online resources reports on the issue.

In 2012, the Carnegie Amazon Mercury Ecoystem Project (CAMEP), a scientific research effort that brings together 8 Peruvian universities and NGOs with scientists from the Carnegie Institution for Science,  focused on the pressing problem of mercury in Peru’s Madre de Dios region in the southern Amazon. Their study examined hair samples of 1,030 people in 25 communities across Madre de Dios. The study found that native communities had levels of mercury roughly five times that considered safe by the World Health Organisation (WHO), whereas people in urban areas had double the safe limit. The mercury contamination is believed to come from the diet of contaminated fish. The study’s leader, Luis E. Fernandez, told The Guardian, “Native communities rely almost exclusively on fish caught in the rivers and lakes as their primary protein source.”

Larger, open-pit mines in the tropics run by corporations do not have a good environmental track record either. Bellavista, an open-pit mine in Costa Rica, was suspended in 2007 due to ruptures in its leach pad lining releasing cyanide and other contaminants into the environment. A 1995 Guyana spill of waste holdings made international headlines when more than one billion gallons of cyanide-laced wastewater was released into a tributary of the Essequibo. It caused widespread die-offs of aquatic and land plant and animal life as well as contamination of drinking water for thousands of people.

Gold mining operations large and small also produces tons of sediment that devastates aquatic environments and wildlife. Sometimes the sediment can be the biggest problem of all.

Even worse are the human-rights violations that surround gold mining. In 1992, the Yanomami territory was finally recognized and protected by the Brazilian government’s creation of a federal indigenous reserve. However, in July 1993, a group of irate gold miners, furious that the reserve prohibited them from mining in certain areas, set out to exterminate an entire village of Yanomami, killing at least 16, in what some call genocide.

There are numerous reports of slave labor in small-scale mining operations. In The Slave Next Door, the authors. Kevin Bales and Ron Soodalter, report that men and boys mine gold in Ghana and other tropical countries under terrible conditions and are exposed to danger in the mining shafts and suffer from mercury. “Enslaved men, women and children mine gold in Brazil, the Philippines and Peru,” they write. “The Amazonian miners work in terrible conditions with no pay and there is no way out for them,” Bales and Soodalter report.

 

Now if we could say don’t buy gold mined from these areas, we would. But with gold mining, it’s more complicated. Gold is mined in more than 60 countries, including, as we mentioned, many countries in the tropics. Yet unlike other commodities, gold has no traceability. The industry that supplies gold to retailers is widely dispersed, with many refineries purchasing the metal from mines around the world—often melting the different sources together before shipping it off to manufacturers or banks. Dr. Assheton Carter, Director of Energy and Mining at Conservation International, said, “You don’t know if your gold comes from a responsible company like Rio Tinto or Newmont, or from a child laborer in Sierra Leone,” in a 2009 CNN report.

 

So when you go to your local jeweler and purchase a piece made of gold, you are likely propagating this cycle of destruction to rainforests and those who live there.

 

WHAT YOU CAN DO

 

To ensure you are not harming rainforests when you buy gold, follow these suggestions:

•           Buy recycled gold jewelry.

•           Buy vintage jewelry. If you type the words “vintage jewelry” into any online search engine, you’ll find dozens of results.

•           Purchase sustainably sourced gold from retailers such as Tiffany & Co. (www.tiffany.com). Tiffany & Co. was the first retailer to work with Earthworks’ No Dirty Gold campaign. Or for more casual jewelry, check out the Love Earth collection available from Walmart and Sam’s Club (www.loveearthinfo.com), where you can actually trace the origin of your jewelry! Both companies source their sustainable gold from the same U.S. mine, which goes to great lengths to minimize its impact on the environment. No rainforests are harmed when you buy their sustainably sourced gold.

 

Many people invest in gold at times of of economic uncertainty and inflation. Talk to your financial advisor to find better investment alternatives to gold that are non-destructive to the environment and communities, but still provide stability and safety. Research, investigate and talk to others to find and support better investments. Explore the exciting new green energy technologies that are emerging!

 

Also, be sure to visit the No Dirty Gold website and learn more about gold mining: www.nodirtygold.org. You can find a list of retailers that have pledged to work toward more sustainable gold sources.

 

Say no to dirty gold. Help rainforests by sticking to the recycled, vintage and sustainably sourced gold—and investment alternatives.

 

 

Here are two companies making beautiful jewelry with recycled gold:

Brilliant Earth

800-691-0952

or 415-354-4623

www.brilliantearth.com

Appointment at showroom

in San Francisco

Green Karat

www.greenkarat.com

 

RESOURCES

Brilliant Earth

www.brilliantearth.com

Green Karat     www.greenkarat.com

Tiffany& Co.    www.tiffany.com.

Love Earth       www.loveearthinfo.com

No Dirty Cold (Earthworks)     www.nodirtygold.org,

www.earthworks.org

 

 

 

Aid Your Weight Loss Efforts and Help the Rainforest…Really! 

If you find yourself veering off the road to healthy weight loss, you might want to take a look at your snacks. Skipping a snack or eating the wrong one could be the culprit leading you off track. Have you ever found yourself ravenously hungry between lunch and dinner only to end up overdoing it at your evening meal? Or perhaps you are so hungry, you stop at the vending machine and choose something less than optimal? These are common occurrences. Choosing a snack that is both nutrient dense and delicious is key to supplying your body and spirit with something substantive to help you get from meal to meal. I recently interviewed Kim Barnouin, co-author of the best-selling weight loss Skinny Bitch book series for Healthy Living magazine. She told me that she strongly advocates always having a healthy snack on hand in order to avoid the snack food/vending machine temptation that trips up so many of us despite our good weight-loss intentions.

I have a couple snacks for you that are nutrient-dense enough to satisfy hunger and naturally sweet enough to satiate your sweet tooth. In addition to providing fantastic nutrients for your body, they also help save rainforests giving you two things to feel good about!   Incorporating them into your food plan might make the difference between failure and success in your weight-loss efforts.

Brazil Nut Bananza Snack

• 3-4 Brazil nuts
• 1 ripe Rainforest Alliance Certified or organic banana

 

Sounds simple enough. But why Brazil nuts you may ask? Brazil nuts are rich in selenium, copper, magnesium, fiber, vitamin E, amino acids, and essential fatty acids. They are one of the few nuts to have enough amino acids to make a complete protein (important to vegans and hungry dieters). The fiber adds to a feeling of fullness, and selenium is a powerful antioxidant that is believed to help protect against breast and prostate cancer. One Brazil nut contains 780 percent of the U.S. selenium recommended daily allowance!

Brazil nuts are not only good for your body, buying them and eating them helps the planet as well. Brazil nut trees have a unique distinction that makes them important to the preservation of the Amazon rainforest — they flourish only in the Amazon’s untouched rainforest. Growing Brazil nut trees is quite difficult.  Cultivation requires a particular species of bee  as well as unique soil-content characteristics.  Accordingly, attempts to cultivate Brazil nut trees on plantations have largely failed with only a few exceptions. Basically, if you want to harvest Brazil nuts, you can only do it in healthy tropical Amazon rainforest. That’s the great news. A thriving Brazil nut trade keeps significant areas of the Amazon rainforest intact! In fact, Brazil nuts are considered the most viable non-timber forest product (NTFP) in the Amazon, and they are the only wild-harvested tree nut in the world.

Add bananas to Brazil nuts, and you have yourself a super snack. A great source of carbohydrates, bananas are rich in vitamin C, vitamin B6, potassium, magnesium and fiber. They essentially offer a great package of natural energy, minerals, vitamins, and fiber and are easy to take on the run.  Both potassium and magnesium support healthy blood pressure levels. And bananas are the one fruit the delivers on vitamin B6 — a single banana provides 30 percent of the U.S. recommended daily amount. The banana’s natural sugar is tempered by the protein in the Brazil nuts. Combined, they are a winning combo that will supply steady energy to your body until your next meal.

However, to be good to the earth in addition to your body, you must select carefully. Banana cultivation has had a problematic history of environmental degradation and social issues. While conditions have improved dramatically, environmental and social concerns persist. The problem is that bananas grown in tropical regions are extremely vulnerable to disease and pests and require large amounts of pesticides. The solid waste is enormous, not to mention soil erosion, runoff and risks to workers and locals who live near plantations. Every banana farm/plantation was at one time primary tropical rainforest, although most of the deforestation occurred in the past. Common practices such as the use of herbicides containing carcinogenic compounds threaten drinking water quality. Dangerous and risky practices such as overloading soil with nematicides, for example, have been protested in Costa Rican courts by concerned workers.

 

So when choosing a banana for your healthy snack, choose ones that are grown with as little impact on the environment as possible including better working conditions for plantation farm workers. Look for Rainforest Alliance Certified bananas (most Chiquita and Dole brand bananas are certified), EARTH or Whole Trade bananas at Whole Foods, or organic bananas. If you choose these bananas, you are helping to make sustainable banana production practices profitable, and the entire industry will begin to improve their practices. It’s already happening.

Cocoa Nut Snack

• 3-4 Brazil nuts
• ½ Rainforest Alliance Certified or fair trade, shade-grown organic dark chocolate bar (70 percent cacao or greater)

 

Yes, you can enjoy chocolate as part of a healthy weight loss plan! The catch is that it has to be dark chocolate with a high cocoa content and it must be eaten in moderation. The bitter sweetness and fiber in dark chocolate will satisfy and provide satiety, while also giving your body a healthy dose of flavanols. Flavanols are antioxidants that have potential benefits for vascular health such as lowering blood pressure, improving blood flow to the brain and heart, and making blood platelets better able to clot. Flavanols are also associated with lowering the “bad” LDL cholesterol and an overall lower risk of heart disease. Pretty good, huh?

Well, it gets better when you add in the choice of rainforest friendly chocolate. Shade-grown, fair trade, organic, Rainforest Alliance Certified — these are the words a rainforest lover looks for when choosing dark chocolate. And here’s why. For hundreds of years, cacao (the plant from which we get cocoa) was grown under the shade of native canopy trees in a landscape similar to natural forest. But to meet increasing world demand, new cocoa varieties have been introduced to grow in full sun, which means clearing rainforests and destroying the native shaded habitat.

Sun-grown cocoa may produce higher yields, but it has come at a high price to workers and the environment. These hybrid sun-grown varieties are extremely vulnerable to pests and disease, requiring the heavy application of agrochemicals. Farmers sometimes resort to using some of the most toxic pesticides, including lindane, a cousin of DDT, which poses health and environmental risks. Additionally, growing cocoa in open fields supports less biodiversity and leads to increased erosion and runoff, soil fertility loss, water contamination and health problems.

To grasp the enormity of deforestation, lets look at one of the world’s top cocoa-producing countries, Côte d’Ivoire. In 1960, the country boasted 12 million hectares of rainforest. Today, just 50 years later, roughly 2.6 million hectares remain! Cocoa plantations have contributed to nearly 14 percent of the deforestation in the country. Neighboring cocoa-producing countries have similar stories of deforestation.

But it’s not just the trees.  Cocoa cultivation is rampant with social issues. Smallholder farmers lack access to viable markets and are limited to selling their cocoa to middlemen for only a portion of its value, keeping them in a cycle of poverty. What’s worse is that cultivating a sun-grown cocoa monoculture makes farmers extremely vulnerable to price fluctuations in the market. The average cocoa worker makes barely enough to meet the most basic living needs. The trade is fraught with labor abuses, particularly in West Africa, where forced child and slave labor exists. Yes, that’s slave labor in the 21st century! And despite the Harkin-Engel Protocol, an agreement that major chocolate manufacturers signed in 2001 committing to eradicating such labor abuses in their supply chain, not enough has changed according to the International Labor Rights Forum.

When you buy dark chocolate for your healthy snack, you can help rainforests and workers too by choosing brands that are more sustainably grown and that provide a fair wage to workers. Look for any or all of the following certifications on the packaging: shade grown; fair trade; organic; Rainforest Alliance Certified. You can easily find vegan dark chocolate, too. Some terrific brands that offer dark chocolate that is sustainably cultivated are Endangered Species, Newman’s Own Organics, Theo, and Green & Blacks.

Enjoy your sweet, sensuous snacks and savor every bite knowing you are giving good love to your body and the planet!